Ethnic composition of the population of Sloboda Ukraine (ethnographic aspect)

Author

Sushko Valentyna

candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, acting head of the Department of Theory and History of Art of the Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts.

Ethnic composition of the population of Sloboda Ukraine (ethnographic aspect)

Abstract

Sloboda Ukraine is a region whose appearance was caused by powerful migration processes in the mid‑XVIIth century. However, since then, these processes, determined by various sociopolitical and economic factors, have not stopped in both urban and rural areas. Resettlement movements were especially intense in industrial towns of the region (Kharkiv, Chuhuyiv, Izium, Okhtyrka – from settlements of the XVIIth century; Pervomayskyi is a district centre of Kharkiv Region, which emerged as a town around an enterprise) from the turn of the XIXth–XXth centuries. Wars played a significant role in changes of the region’s population. Moreover, while during World War I, the population has increased and there were added ethnic groups of those peoples, which had been not very numerous before (e.g. the Polish diaspora), or had not been represented in the region at all (for example, Czechs and Latvians), then World War II became the period of ethnic cleansing, mass destruction and resettlement. The interwar period was marked by the resettlement movement not only to the Soviet construction projects, but also of rural population to the territories whose population had died out as a result of the 1932–1933 Holodomor-Famine.

In the latter half of the XXth century, migration, especially for young people, has gained prestige and attractiveness due to a state policy. An important factor in encouraging migration was the gender aspect.

In our opinion, migration processes have always had not only economic and social causes. In addition, in the XXth century, their main reason was the political one: the formation of a new society and a new community – the Soviet people. That is, these processes have become one of the methods of general assimilation processes managed by the state. Caused by the economic crisis and wars, modern migrations tend to radically change the ethnic composition of the region’s population.

Keywords

Sloboda Ukraine, migration, resettlement movement.

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